Abstract
Asbestos mining is banned in many parts of the world, and promoted in others. This article examines the effects of asbestos mining in South Africa, 30 years after the mines closed. Focusing on mining communities, it explores the political struggles that the communities have engaged in to address environmental threats, rehabilitate land, and secure compensation for their ill-health. Drawing on the concept of ‘bio-citizenship’, and reviewing national policies introduced to protect South Africans against asbestos exposure, this article shows how different forms of compensation (for illness contracted during employment versus pollution and illness from residential proximity to asbestos mines) shape and inform degrees of belonging and of citizenship.
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