Abstract
Tunable three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces are critical for dynamic modulation of EM responses but their construction and tuning mechanism are still complex. Here, we report a simple yet effective 3D reconfigurable EM metasurface, which was obtained from a planar kirigami polyimide substrate printed with periodically arranged copper split-ring resonator. Under mechanical stretch, the two-dimensional (2D) planar metasurface can be uniformly deformed into a 3D state, which is effective for tuning its EM transmission characteristic. By combining mechanics and EM simulations as well as experimental measurements, we revealed the deformation mode and active EM transmission modulation capability of the metasurface. It is shown that at the initial state, the planar kirigami metasurface exhibits ideal frequency selective transmission to transverse electric (TE) wave but allows for complete transmission for transverse magnetic (TM) wave. As the applied strain increases from 0% to 20%, the transmission was adjusted from −17.74[Formula: see text]dB to −9.74[Formula: see text]dB for TE wave but merely from 0[Formula: see text]dB to −3.25[Formula: see text]dB for TM wave. Meanwhile, the resonant frequency experienced a visible shift for both TE and TM waves. Finally, the equivalent circuit analysis and simulated surface current density were conducted to reveal the tuning mechanism of the proposed metasurface.
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