Abstract
Multiaxial forging (MAF) is one of the appealing methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques to fabricate ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials. In this study; the influence of process parameters such as strain rate; friction; and initial temperature has been assessed through finite element simulation of Nickel 200 alloy. The Johnson–Cook equation was applied in simulating the MAF process. The homogeneous microstructure of a material processed by MAF is an important requirement to obtain uniform mechanical and other properties. The uniformity in properties was evaluated by the investigation of the hardness measurements; effective strain (ES), and inhomogeneous factor (IF) or coefficient of standard deviation. The results showed that the inhomogeneous factor decreases with an increase in strain rate and decrease in temperature. It was found that a more homogeneous structure is observed with an increasing number of MAF cycles and the strain rate strain. Furthermore; the average grain size reduced from 850 nm to 220 nm after three cycles of MAF. Finally; experimental work was performed to validate the results.
Highlights
The average grain size of the materials has a significant influence on mechanical and physical properties
During large plastic deformation, if an object satisfies any of its remeshing criteria, a new mesh is generated, and the solution data are interpolated to the new mesh from the old one
The average crystallite size was reduced from 805 ± 22 nm at the annealed condition to the 220 ±
Summary
The average grain size of the materials has a significant influence on mechanical and physical properties. Mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, hardness, and wear properties can be improved by refining the material [1,2,3]. Sever plastic deformation (SPD) is considered a common modern technique to refine the grain size of several materials by imposing large deformation. Many SPD techniques can be applied, such as equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), high pressure torsion (HPT), and multiaxial forging (MAF). Multiaxial forging (MAF) is one of the attractive methods of SPD to fabricate UFG materials for bulk materials.
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