Abstract
Straighthead disease is a physiological disorder in rice and the most widespread non-fungal disease of the U.S. straighthead greatly reduces rice yield. Straighthead studies were most conducted in the artificial field which was Arsenic amendment plots due to the similarity of straighthead symptoms of Arsenic damage. To evaluate the straighthead disease resistance in natural condition, 46 rice lines, including 24 inbred lines and 22 hybrid combinations which were developed from breading program, were chosen for straighthead and agronomy characters testing in a native soil where straighthead naturally induced in the past years at University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB), Arkansas in 2011 and 2012. The straighthead of rice were rated from 0 to 9 levels, and 0 was the least straighthead disorder and 9 was the most severe straighthead disorder. Cocodrie (CCDR) was used as the check in this study. The results of 2011 showed that the yields of 8 entries were higher than the check CCDR. The straighthead scores of these 8 entries were 0 - 1 which indicated their resistance to straighthead. The rest of the entries had lower yields than check CCDR with straighthead scores 5 - 6 which indicated their moderate susceptibility to straighthead. The yields were negatively related to the straighthead scores (r = -0.9178, P
Highlights
Straighthead disease is a physiological disorder in rice that results in sterile florets with distorted lemma and palea
Forty-six rice lines, including 32 (CCDR and Francis used for both years) inbred lines and 12 hybrid combinations were randomized block designed with 4 Replications
The yields of the 8 entries were higher than the check CCDR
Summary
Straighthead disease is a physiological disorder in rice that results in sterile florets with distorted lemma and palea. Yield losses can approach 100% when a highly susceptible variety is planted on a soil with a history of severe straighthead and is not drained and dried prior to panicle initiation [2] [3]. The symptoms of arsenic (As) injury to rice are similar to straighthead, incorporation of As in the form of monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) has become the common practice for evaluating rice susceptibility to straighthead [4] [7]-[10]. Evaluation using MSMA is the only method available and is still utilized for assessment of straighthead susceptibility of new cultivars in the Uniform Rice Regional Nursery (URRN) jointly in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the straighthead, test the agronomy characters and select the straighthead resistant varieties in the field where straighthead naturally induced
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