Abstract
Clean water is a vital need for all living creatures during their lifespan. However, contaminated stormwater is a major issue around the globe. A wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, organic and inorganic impurities, has been discovered in stormwater. Some commonly utilized methods, such as biological, physical and chemical procedures, have been considered to overcome these issues. However, these current approaches result in moderate to low contaminant removal efficiencies for certain classes of contaminants. Of late, filtration and adsorption processes have become more featured in permeable concretes (PCs) for the treatment of stormwater. As nanoparticles have vast potential and unique characterizations, such as a higher surface area to cure polluted stormwater, employing them to improve permeable concretes’ capabilities in stormwater treatment systems is an effective way to increase filtration and adsorption mechanisms. The present study reviews the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants such as heavy metals, organic and other pollutants using nanoparticle-improved PC. The application of different kinds of nanomaterials in PC as porous media to investigate their influences on the properties of PC, including the permeability rate, compressive strength, adsorption capacity and mix design of such concrete, was also studied. The findings of this review show that different types of nanomaterials improve the removal efficiency, compressive strength and adsorption capacity and decrease the infiltration rate of PC during the stormwater treatment process. With regard to the lack of comprehensive investigation concerning the use of nanomaterials in PC to treat polluted stormwater runoff, this study reviews 242 published articles on the removal rate of different stormwater contaminants by using PC improved with nanoparticles.
Highlights
The current paper presents an overview of the utilization of nanoparticles, as a promising material, in permeable concretes (PCs) to decrease the contaminants of stormwater runoff
Accordingtotoaasurvey surveyofofthe theliterature, literature,nanoparticles nanoparticlescan canbe beused usedtotodevelop developaahighhighAccording performance for specific applications. This is due to the fact that nanomaterials increase performance PC for specific applications
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Summary
Many researchers have reported that PC is an effective material for removing suspending solids and contaminants, volume reduction in stormwater, water quality improvement, and rainfall infiltration enhancement in light of large permeability and porosity degrees. Only a few studies were conducted on purification impacts on dissolved contaminants [34,35] Such pollutants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants and other contaminants such as fecal coliforms (FCs) and turbidity (TU), have been removed from stormwater runoff by using PC. This demonstrates the effectiveness of nTiO2 as a remediation technique for petroleum water treatment [67] Such a combination may be considered a candidate technique for the inorganic dye and heavy metal removal of stormwater [12]. Stormwater carries disease-causing bacteria and viruses [69]
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