Abstract
The study investigated the effect of storage conditions on the stability of electrolyzed seawater (ESW)’s physicochemical properties (pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and free chlorine (FC) concentration), and bactericidal efficiency on the fecal coliform Escherichia coli for 30 days. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine the optimal current and electrolysis time. Two batches of 2750 mL filtered seawater were electrolyzed using 50 mm × 192 mm platinum–titanium mesh electrodes at a current of 1.5 A for 20 min. One hundred milliliters of electrolyzed solution was transferred into each amber glass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles. The bottles were stored in a dark area at ambient temperature. The results showed an increase in pH and a decrease in ORP and FC concentration through time. Hypochlorous acid remained as the dominant component since the pH levels of the solutions remained below 7.5. FC decay was investigated using Chick’s Law. It was determined that the decay in HDPE bottles (k = −0.066 day−1) was faster compared to amber glass bottles (k = −0.046 day−1). Nonetheless, HDPE bottles could still be used as an alternative container for 30 days only due to observed instability beyond 30 days. ESW remained effective since no surviving population of E. coli was observed throughout the experimentation.
Highlights
Electrochemical disinfection was introduced as an alternative due to its advantages over utilization of chlorine reagents generated from chlorine gas [1,2,3,4,5]
It was observed that the decline was faster in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles (k = −0.066 day−1 ), compared to amber glass bottles (k = −0.046 day−1 )
Further investigation revealed that instability in the physicochemical properties occurred in 49-day-old solutions stored in HDPE bottles
Summary
Electrochemical disinfection was introduced as an alternative due to its advantages over utilization of chlorine reagents generated from chlorine gas [1,2,3,4,5]. The presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the solution is important for the formation of oxidizing agents, such as free chlorine (FC), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), or hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [5,7] These compounds are responsible for inactivating pathogenic micro-organisms by oxidizing or attacking both the inner and outer membrane of the cell [8,9,10]. Other advantages of electrochemical disinfection include on-site production, raw material availability, an environment-friendly process, a less-hazardous reaction, low cytotoxicity, and no reported microbial resistance [10]. It has been utilized in several sectors, such as agricultural and food industries, since the disinfectant can be produced over wide pH ranges [11,12,13,14,15]. Xie et al [12]
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