Abstract
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms are two or more malignancies in an individual without any relationship between the tumors. Multiple primary malignancies are relatively rare but have increased in recent decades. Two cancers are commonly observed among those with multiple primary malignancies, but two malignancies of stomach and liver are relatively rare to be reported. Mechanisms of the tumors were unclear; we described a patient who had stomach carcinoma presenting with a synchronous liver cancer and investigated his family history; we suggest that family history may be a key risk factor and early detection for additional primary malignancies should be needed for patients who had specific cancer history in their pedigree. Early diagnosis may be the key risk factor affecting prognosis.
Highlights
Warren and Gates first described the phenomenon of multiple primary malignant tumors in a single patient [1]
Specific cancer history was recorded in his pedigree (Figure 1); his father died of hepatic cancer and his mother died from lung carcinoma as well as his history of hepatitis B
The mechanisms and risk of multiple primary cancers are unknown, which could be attributable to intense exposure to carcinogens, the effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy [10, 11], and the influence of genetic susceptibility, genetic instability, and longer average life span [12, 13]
Summary
Warren and Gates first described the phenomenon of multiple primary malignant tumors in a single patient [1]. Without any relationship between the tumors, are two or more malignancies in an individual [2]. Two cancers are commonly observed among those with multiple primary malignancies, but two malignancies of stomach and liver are relatively rare to be reported. There is few similar case reports in the literature describing the phenomenon. We present a case of a patient with two cancers of stomach and liver, who had a family history of cancer as well as a history of hepatitis B
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