Abstract
The light polarization properties provide relevant information about linear–optical media quality and condition. The Stokes–Mueller formalism is commonly used to represent the polarization properties of the incident light over sample tests. Currently, different Stokes Polarimeters are mainly defined by resolution, acquisition rate, and light to carry out accurate and fast measurements. This work presents the implementation of an automatic Stokes dynamic polarimeter to characterize non-biological and biological material samples. The proposed system is configured to work in the He-Ne laser beam’s reflection or transmission mode to calculate the Mueller matrix. The instrumentation stage includes two asynchronous photoelastic modulators, two nano-stepper motors, and an acquisition data card at 2% of accuracy. The Mueller matrix is numerically calculated by software using the 36 measures method without requiring image processing. Experiments show the efficiency of the proposed optical array to calculate the Mueller matrix in reflection and transmission mode for different samples. The mean squared error is calculated for each element of the obtained matrix using referenced values of the air and a mirror. A comparison with similar works in the literature validates the proposed optical array.
Highlights
The design of biosensors has recently shown a considerable advance in human diagnosis through proteins and enzymes detection that characterize bacteria and virus diseases [1]
The individual elements of the matrix register the incident beam changes during the light-sample interaction. Calculating such numerical elements in the matrix requires the study of essential concepts about the polarized light generation and the Stokes formalism, which will be briefly presented in the following subsections
The room temperature was between 20 ◦C and 25 ◦C, and the laser was pre-heated for 30 min before use
Summary
The design of biosensors has recently shown a considerable advance in human diagnosis through proteins and enzymes detection that characterize bacteria and virus diseases [1]. The Mueller matrix is the numerical representation of the polarization states of incident light on the sample surface. It plays a vital role in characterizing samples’ structural properties associated with their Stokes Vectors. The individual elements of the matrix register the incident beam changes during the light-sample interaction Calculating such numerical elements in the matrix requires the study of essential concepts about the polarized light generation and the Stokes formalism, which will be briefly presented in the following subsections. The basic idea of the PEM is to modulate polarized light [18] that passes through its optical header when the amplitude of the applied periodic voltage varies This amplitude variation modifies the property of optical birefringence. Being the light a transversal electromagnetic wave, the beam’s polarization state allows modulating periodically in the Sensors 2022, 22, 2155 odically in the time domain the polarization state of the light beam
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