Abstract
ABSTRACT A stochastic Petri-net formalism is proposed to predict the degradation of ceramic claddings over time in order to understand how different environmental exposure conditions contribute to the overall degradation of these claddings. For that purpose, the degradation condition of 195 ceramic claddings located in Lisbon, Portugal, is evaluated through in situ visual inspections. In the first part of the study, a stochastic deterioration Petri-net model is proposed for the entire sample. In the second part, the original sample is divided according to the environmental exposure conditions, evaluating the influence of these conditions on the deterioration process of ceramic claddings. Four main degradation agents are analyzed: exposure to moisture; distance from the sea; orientation; and wind–rain action. The results reveal that Petri nets can accurately describe the deterioration process of ceramic claddings, providing relevant information regarding the performance of these claddings through their life cycle and according to the environmental exposure conditions to which they are subject. These results are extremely relevant for different practitioners: the approach allows the adoption of more sustainable and durable solutions at the design stage, as well as improving the durability of the ceramic claddings by performing optimized maintenance plans and strategies.
Highlights
The aging of the Europe building stock and the high burden related with their maintenance and repair, has increased the relevance of adopting condition-based maintenance plans and strategies (Hovde, 2002; Beer et al, 2011; Paulo et al, 2014; Silva et al, 2016)
6 Results and discussion The deterioration Petri net based method described in Section 4 is applied to model the deterioration process over time of a sample of 195 ceramic claddings located in Lisbon, Portugal
The original sample is divided according to the environmental characteristics, and the most relevant characteristics to explain the degradation of ceramic claddings, namely exposure to damp, distance from the sea, façades orientation and wind-rain action, are analysed
Summary
The aging of the Europe building stock and the high burden related with their maintenance and repair, has increased the relevance of adopting condition-based maintenance plans and strategies (Hovde, 2002; Beer et al, 2011; Paulo et al, 2014; Silva et al, 2016). The decision-making concerning the maintenance and rehabilitation of the built heritage requires more economic and sustainability awareness, adopting technical criteria in the decision to intervene This rational approach is only possible if reliable understanding of the durability and service life of building materials and components exists (Aikivuori, 1999).in the last decades, various authors (Shohet et al, 2002; Shohet and Paciuk, 2004; Lacasse and Sjöström, 2004; Gaspar and de Brito, 2008; Silva et al, 2016) have developed several service life prediction methodologies, intending to improve the knowledge regarding the deterioration processes and mechanisms of building and components, as well as providing relevant information concerning “how” and “when” to intervene (Lacasse and Vanier, 1996). A Petri-net comprises two kinds of nodes: i) places, which represent resources or particular states of the system; and ii) transitions, which represent an action or an event changing the state of the system Both nodes are linked by directed edges (arcs). These two elements (tokens and transitions) are responsible for modelling the dynamic behaviour of the system
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