Abstract
Urban areas are typically characterized by the presence of industrial sites, which are often sources of groundwater contamination, posing a serious threat for the groundwater. In such cases, a crucial step is to find a link between the contaminant sources and freshwater supply wells at risk. As a part of the AMIIGA Project, two different stochastic approaches were applied to assess drinking water supply wells vulnerability in Functional Urban Areas in the presence of several chlorinated hydrocarbons sources in an alluvial aquifer in Milano and a pesticide mega site in a complex geological setting in Poland. In the first case study, the innovative Pilot Point Null-Space Monte Carlo forward particle tracking was used, applying a forward solution instead of the classical backtracking, while in the second case was chosen the classical Monte Carlo methodology. Both case studies represent useful application examples, allowing an effective prioritization of expensive remediation actions in order to protect freshwater wells.
Highlights
The problem of groundwater resource quality degradation in highly urbanized areas is one of the most important environmental issues at both the European [1,2] and national levels (Legislative Decree 152/2006 for Italy and Dz.U. 2017 poz. 1566 (Water Law), DzU z 2006, nr 123, poz. 858, DzU z 2006, nr 129 poz. 902 (Environmental Protection Law) for Poland) during the last three decades
The causes of groundwater contamination can be classified in three different classes [4,5]: (a) Point Sources (PS), hot spots of contamination corresponding to areas releasing plumes of high concentration [6]; (b) Multiple Point Sources (MPS) which are unknown and for which the problem can be faced by using a multi-methodological approach as developed in [7,8,9]; (c) Non-Point
The first location is the northern sector of Milano (Italy, Lombardy Region), characterized by the presence of many industrial sites producing/using chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) that affected the quality of groundwater; this first area is identified as Site 1
Summary
The problem of groundwater resource quality degradation in highly urbanized areas is one of the most important environmental issues at both the European [1,2] and national levels (Legislative Decree 152/2006 for Italy and Dz.U. 2017 poz. 1566 (Water Law), DzU z 2006, nr 123, poz. 858, DzU z 2006, nr 129 poz. 902 (Environmental Protection Law) for Poland) during the last three decades. The problem of groundwater resource quality degradation in highly urbanized areas is one of the most important environmental issues at both the European [1,2] and national levels National and regional regulations are considering the necessity to develop plans for the remediation and management of the most industrialized urban areas affected by groundwater contamination. Areas (FUA, [3]), i.e., large areas composed by an urban core and its commuting zone, compose a unique contamination core where the groundwater is affected by many different kinds of sources, and are difficult to manage. Sources (NPS), where the contaminant load comes from the development of anthropogenic activities on large areas (for example pesticides from agricultural practices [10]).
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