Abstract
Major peninsular rivers debouching into the Bay of Bengal through 2729 km long east coast of India, carry enormous inland flow and sediment from their alluvial basins. Present climate changes, storm irregularities and tsunamis have changed the hydrology of the coastal rivers. The hydrologic interventions for human need have reduced the sediment flow of the rivers resulting in sinking the deltas. Twelve important river basins in the east coast of India were identified. Linear and nonlinear regression equations were developed by stochastic approach of their annual flow (1986-2011) and yearly sediment influx (1993-2012) for the 12 rivers at their delta head. As results, the annual flow of the rivers from Subarnarekha to Godavari followed rational curves except the Brahmani River and Gaussian models for rivers from the Godavari to south except the river Vaigai. Similarly, the curve fitting models of time series for sediment had shown a change in curve pattern, the river Godavari being the line of demarcation. Gumbel II and Log Pearson type III methods were used to predict the flow and the sediment at various probabilities. Sediment prediction by Gumbel method had shown lower values than Log Pearson Type III methods for planning and design of hydraulic structures. The disparities in geologic formation of the central India and Deccan Plateau can be emphasized based on the statistical interpretations.
Highlights
The Central Water Commission (CWC) of India has classified rivers in India based on their Catchment area as major (>20,000 sqkm), medium
The average annual flow, the corresponding average annual sediment flowing at the delta head of the rivers found to be 227.3 Billon Cum and 84.6 MMT respectively (About 10% allowances provided for the small rivers and lagoons which are not considered)
On study of major east flowing rivers along east coast of India and falling in Bay of Bengal, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1) All the east flowing rivers are emerging below the rift of Narmada valley and falling in Bay of Bengal forming large coastal plains, number of distributaries and encouraging huge sediment flow to the Bay of Bengal
Summary
The Central Water Commission (CWC) of India has classified rivers in India based on their Catchment area as major (>20,000 sqkm), medium India has 12 major, 46 medium and 14 minor and desert flowing river basins comprising of areas 252.8 MH, 24.6 MH and 110 MH respectively (CWC Hand Book 2005) [1]. All peninsular rivers are either west or east flowing in India. The major east flowing rivers are the Subarnarekha, the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Cauvery and the Vaigai. Medium and small prominent rivers debouching in Bay of Bengal are about 88 numbers (Table 1). The length of east coast (EC) is 2729 km from the river Hooghly (north) to Tambaraparani (south) (Figure 1)
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