Abstract
The present study establishes a stochastic adaptive robust dispatch model for virtual power plants (VPPs) to address the risks associated with uncertainties in electricity market prices and photovoltaic (PV) power outputs. The model consists of distributed components, such as the central air-conditioning system (CACS) and PV power plant, aggregated by the VPP. The uncertainty in the electricity market price is addressed using a stochastic programming approach, and the uncertainty in PV output is addressed using an adaptive robust approach. The model is decomposed into a master problem and a sub-problem using the binding scenario identification approach. The binding scenario subset is identified in the sub-problem, which greatly reduces the number of iterations required for solving the model, and thereby increases the computational efficiency. Finally, the validity of the VPP model and the solution algorithm is verified using a simulated case study. The simulation results demonstrate that the operating profit of a VPP with a CACS and other aggregated units can be increased effectively by participating in multiple market transactions. In addition, the results demonstrate that the binding scenario identification algorithm is accurate, and its computation time increases slowly with increasing scenario set size, so the approach is adaptable to large-scale scenarios.
Highlights
With the growth of electricity demand, fossil fuels have been widely used for electricity generation in recent years as the cheapest source of energy
The stochastic adaptive robust virtual power plants (VPPs) dispatch model based on the binding scenario identification approach was jointly solved using GAMS and Matlab in this paper
The impacts of day-ahead energy market (DAM), real-time energy market (RTM), and carbon trading market (CTM) participation and central air-conditioning system (CACS) regulation on VPP profit were analyzed according to the five schemes listed in Table 1 along with the VPP profit obtained under each condition
Summary
With the growth of electricity demand, fossil fuels have been widely used for electricity generation in recent years as the cheapest source of energy. In order to meet the challenges associated with energy shortages and environmental pollution, the world-wide energy production infrastructure is slowly moving in the direction of clean and low-carbon options based on renewable energy sources (RESs) [3,4]. The continuous expansion of grid-connected electric power facilities based on RESs poses a challenge to the safe and reliable operation of electric power grids [5,6,7]. Measurement, and communication technologies, a large number of RESs, controllable loads, energy storage systems (ESSs), and other distributed energy resources are aggregated by VPPs
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