Stitching and Geometric Modeling Approach Based on Multi-Slice Satellite Images

Abstract

Time delay and integration (TDI) charge-coupled device (CCD) is an image sensor for capturing images of moving objects at low light levels. This study examines the model construction of stitched TDI CCD original multi-slice images. The traditional approaches, for example, include the image-space-oriented algorithm and the object-space-oriented algorithm. The former indicates concise principles and high efficiency, whereas the panoramic stitching images lack the clear geometric relationships generated from the image-space-oriented algorithm. Similarly, even though the object-space-oriented algorithm generates an image with a clear geometric relationship, it is time-consuming due to the complicated and intensive computational demands. In this study, we developed a multi-slice satellite images stitching and geometric model construction method. The method consists of three major steps. First, the high-precision reference data assist in block adjustment and obtain the original slice image bias-corrected RFM to perform multi-slice image block adjustment. The second process generates the panoramic stitching image by establishing the image coordinate conversion relationship from the panoramic stitching image to the original multi-slice images. The final step is dividing the panoramic stitching image uniformly into image grids and employing the established image coordinate conversion relationship and the original multi-slice image bias-corrected RFM to generate a virtual control grid to construct the panoramic stitching image RFM. To evaluate the performance, we conducted experiments using the Tianhui-1(TH-1) high-resolution image and the Ziyuan-3(ZY-3) triple liner-array image data. The experimental results show that, compared with the object-space-oriented algorithm, the stitching accuracy loss of the generated panoramic stitching image was only 0.2 pixels and that the mean value was 0.799798 pixels, achieving the sub-pixel stitching requirements. Compared with the object-space-oriented algorithm, the RFM positioning difference of the panoramic stitching image was within 0.3 m, which achieves equal positioning accuracy.