Abstract
ABSTRACT Sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims, 1818) crops in Brazil are drawing attention due to the national production, and the increasing consumption of this fruit as fresh and processed products. However, fruit losses due to damages caused by stink bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae) are concerning to fruit growers in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population fluctuation and control of stink bugs in P. edulis crops grown in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 crop seasons in Araquari, SC, Brazil, using natural and synthetic insecticides. The stink bug population was evaluated using the 0.25 m2 frame technique. The evaluations were carried out weekly during the two crop seasons. The species and distribution of stink bugs in the different parts of the plant were evaluated. The insecticides and rates used were: Neenmax (azadirachtin 1.0%) at 10 mL L-1; Orobor N1 (N-citric acid 1.0% + 0.20% B) at 2 mL L-1; and Decis 25 EC (deltamethrin 2.5%) at 1 mL L-1, diluted in aqueous solution. Specimens of three stink bug species where found: 86% Diactor bilineatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae); 13.5% Holhymenia histrio (Hemiptera: Coreidae), and 0.5% Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The D. bilineatus species presented higher frequency, constancy, and dominance during the evaluated crop seasons; 64% of the stink bugs were found on fruits, 18.5% on leaves, 7.3% on floral buds, 5.8% on flowers, and 4.4% on branches. The use of azadirachtin or deltamethrin was efficient to reduce the stink bug infestation and the number of P. edulis withered fruits.
Highlights
Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) is one of the main fruit species grown in Brazil (ASSUNÇÃO et al, 2015), where the sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims, 1818) is the most important commercial species of this fruit
Considering the damages caused by stink bugs in sour passion fruit (P. edulis) orchards and the little information on the efficiency of control methods, the objective of this study was to evaluate the population fluctuation and control of stink bugs, and the control efficiency of natural and synthetic insecticides in the control of this insect pest in passion fruit orchards
Two-hundred six adult stink bugs were sampled in the passion fruit orchard during the study period, whose species were: 86% Diactor bilineatus (Fabr., 1803), 13.5% Holhymenia histrio (Fabr., 1803), and 0.5% Nezara viridula (L., 1758)
Summary
Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.) is one of the main fruit species grown in Brazil (ASSUNÇÃO et al, 2015), where the sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims, 1818) is the most important commercial species of this fruit. P. edulis plants produce large fruits with acid-orange and aromatic pulp (BEZERRA et al, 2016). The Northeast is the main producing region of passion fruit, with 64.9% of the Brazilian production; and the South region accounts for 6.6% of the national production (IBGE, 2016). Stink bugs are the main pests in passion fruit crops in Brazil (RUGGIERO et al, 1996; FANCELLI; ALMEIDA, 2006). According to Oliveira and Frizzas (2014), the main species that damage passion fruit plants are: Diactor bilineatus (Fabr., 1803), Holhymenia clavigera (Herbst, 1784), Holhymenia histrio (Fabr., 1803), Leptoglossus gonagra (Fabr., 1775), Leptoglossus stigma (Herbst, 1784), and Anisoscelis foliacea marginella (Dallas, 1852), (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Damages caused by Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were found for sweet passion fruit (P. alata Curtis, 1788) in the Federal District after soybean (Glycine max L., 1737) crops (ICUMA et al, 2001)
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