Abstract
We appreciate Dr. O'Malley's and Dr. Mark's comments on our prospective case series of stingray injuries and envenomations ( 1 Clark R.F. Girard R.H. Rao D. et al. Stingray envenomation: a retrospective review of clinical presentation and treatment in 119 cases. J Emerg Med. 2007; 33: 33-37 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (70) Google Scholar ). As stated in the methods, this was an on-site observational study at a local Southern California beach. Our study group was not involved in the direct management of the study enrollees. Lifeguards have been managing stingray injuries for decades in this manner on the beaches of San Diego. It was the intent of this study to characterize these injuries and determine the natural course and outcomes of these sting injuries.
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