Abstract
Of the multiple areas of applications of DNA nanotechnology, stimuli-responsive nanodevices have emerged as an elite branch of research owing to the advantages of molecular programmability of DNA structures and stimuli-responsiveness of motifs and DNA itself. These classes of devices present multiples areas to explore for basic and applied science using dynamic DNA nanotechnology. Herein, we take the stake in the recent progress of this fast-growing sub-area of DNA nanotechnology. We discuss different stimuli, motifs, scaffolds, and mechanisms of stimuli-responsive behaviours of DNA nanodevices with appropriate examples. Similarly, we present a multitude of biological applications that have been explored using DNA nanodevices, such as biosensing, in vivo pH-mapping, drug delivery, and therapy. We conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities as well as future prospects of this emerging research area within DNA nanotechnology.
Highlights
There has been expanding attempt in the advancement of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials with the expectation that they can be formed into powerful diagnostic vehicles that can sense and deliver at the targeted or disease site in vivo (Stephanopoulos et al, 2013; Zhu et al, 2013; Bai et al, 2016; Rogers et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2016; Zhou et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017a; Sawada and Serizawa, 2018; Sugimoto et al, 2019)
An aptamer is formed of nucleic acid sequences (DNA or RNA) having a length of 15–40 nucleotides or even longer and can bind to a given molecular target
A Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanoswitch is designed to undergo a specific structural change when introduced to the target DNA or RNA sequence with a detection limit of picomolar range (Chandrasekaran et al, 2016)
Summary
There has been expanding attempt in the advancement of stimuli-responsive nanomaterials with the expectation that they can be formed into powerful diagnostic vehicles that can sense and deliver at the targeted or disease site in vivo (Stephanopoulos et al, 2013; Zhu et al, 2013; Bai et al, 2016; Rogers et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2016; Zhou et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017a; Sawada and Serizawa, 2018; Sugimoto et al, 2019). Stimuli-Responsive DNA Nanodevices photothermal peptide-porphyrin self-assembly based nanodots for anti-cancer therapy. Yu and coworkers developed DNA based shape memory DNA/acrylamide hydrogel strengthen by duplex nucleic acid and pH-responsive cytosine rich, I-motif.
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