Abstract
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Numerous drugs have been developed to treat lung cancer patients in recent years, whereas most of these drugs have undesirable adverse effects due to nonspecific distribution in the body. To address this problem, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems are imparted with unique characteristics and specifically deliver loaded drugs at lung cancer tissues on the basis of internal tumor microenvironment or external stimuli. This review summarized recent studies focusing on the smart carriers that could respond to light, ultrasound, pH, or enzyme, and provided a promising strategy for lung cancer therapy.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the world, with over two million new cases in 2020 (Figure 1) [1]
Apart from the immediate breakdown of photolabile groups and structural transformation of the therapeutic system triggered by external light sources, some nanoparticles can be activated by light to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) or increase local temperatures, which can be applied in killing tumor cells [27,28]
In the last ten years, lung cancer therapy has attracted intense attention because of the fact that lung cancer is still the most common type of cancer in the world and considering the fast development of targeted therapy drugs for lung cancer. Those medicines that have already benefited millions of patients are faced with undesirable adverse effects and cause discontinuation of the treatment, which would substantially undermine the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs
Summary
Lung cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in the world, with over two million new cases in 2020 (Figure 1) [1]. Intelligent drug carrier systems could precisely deliver drugs on the basis of unique tumoral microenvironments or external stimulus, such as pH, enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), photodynamic, and so on [9,10,11,12,13]. Those stimuli-responsive drug carriers such as micelles [14], liposomes [15], hydrogels [16], and nanoparticles [17].
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