Abstract
Asthma and allergic diseases in general have reached epidemic proportions in the developed world. Current asthma therapy relies heavily on the prophylactic use of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids administered by inhalation. However, concerns remain regarding the side effect profile of these agents and also their efficacy in controlling disease in many patients. Epidemiological studies have suggested a link between lack of exposure to bacteria and the rising incidence of allergic diseases. Furthermore, recent animal studies have clearly shown that administration of bacteria or bacterial components, notably DNA, can suppress allergen-induced lung inflammation. Most noteworthy is the observation that the anti-inflammatory effects of bacterial DNA sequences containing unmethylated CG dinucleotides (CpG motifs) can be long lasting. This observation has led to the suggestion that therapies based on these or related molecules may potentially be disease modifying. The mechanisms invoked to explain this phenomeno...
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