Abstract
Insulin infused into the portal vein acutely enhanced intestinal glucose and galactose absorption via the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-1 in the isolated, jointly perfused small intestine and liver of the rat. Atropine and tetrodotoxin infused into the superior mesenteric artery completely prevented the portal insulin-dependent increase in intestinal glucose absorption, and carbachol caused an increase similar to that of portal insulin. Thus, a signal was transmitted against the bloodstream in a retrograde direction from the portal vein to the small intestine via hepatoenteral cholinergic nerves. The intracellular messenger in the enterocytes was cAMP, and the link between the muscarinic receptors, which do not increase cAMP concentrations, and adenylate cyclase was found to be prostaglandin E2.
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