Abstract

In the actual contemporary society there are more and more children with disabilities, and the most frequently requested are the Special Educational Needs (SEN), associated with other disabilities that are unnoticed until advanced ages and this because some parents refuse to realise the situation in which their child is. The prevalence of learning disabilities has increased significantly. This is one of the reasons for choosing this topic which is still relevant, the applicability is increasing both in the social system and in the education subsystem. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the learning difficulties that students face in high school. On the other hand, another objective is to illustrate the stimulating strategies for self-regulated learning and assessment. In some cases, age-specific difficulties arise during this period due to the dynamic nature of the school climate. From a pedagogical point of view, the emphasis should be on cognitive development, on the skills needed for the social integration of all students, regardless of origin, nationality and development level. Learning involves overcoming barriers, removing obstacles during individual or collective learning (Popa, D., 2013). Almost forgotten for a long time, the pedagogy of children with learning difficulties has seen a significant increase, especially during the recent years. While looking for ways to a successful learning, it should be considered the use of some methods and planning to reduce learning difficulties for students. Considering that school education (school learning) is a dominant exercise through play, especially during childhood, we must also consider the possibility of frequent learning difficulties, especially regarding children.

Highlights

  • IntroductionMental deficiency ”Etiology is a discipline that studies the causes of a phenomenon (in this case, diseases), revealing its origins and evolution” (Neveanu, P., P., 1978, p. 247)

  • Mental deficiency ”Etiology is a discipline that studies the causes of a phenomenon, revealing its origins and evolution” (Neveanu, P., P., 1978, p. 247)

  • In the context of the issue regarding the etiology of mental disabilities, the special psychopedagogy is interested in the problem of genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations, which are the basis of the specific syndromes of mental deficiency

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Summary

Introduction

Mental deficiency ”Etiology is a discipline that studies the causes of a phenomenon (in this case, diseases), revealing its origins and evolution” (Neveanu, P., P., 1978, p. 247). This definition draws attention to the fact that deepening the causes of the studied phenomenon – in our case the mental deficiency – must not be limited to the detection and highlighting of causal factors, but starting from these factors it must predict the possible evolution of the pursued phenomenon, influenced by those factors. Mușu is the one in which the authors identify three main categories of causal factors of mental disability: A. biological factors (inherited, genetic) B. ecological factors C. psychosocial factors (Păunescu, C., Mușu, I., 1997). In the context of the issue regarding the etiology of mental disabilities, the special psychopedagogy is interested in the problem of genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations, which are the basis of the specific syndromes of mental deficiency. - chromosomal aberrations (underlying Tumer, Klinefelter, Down, etc. syndromes); - congenital ectodermoses (leading to Sturge Weber syndrome, etc.); - dysmetabolism (which causes syndromes such as amaurotic idiocy, Hunter syndrome, etc.); - familial cranial abnormalities (microcephaly, Apertt syndrome) ; - dysendocrines (which cause edemic cretinism, hypothyroidism, etc.)

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