Abstract

BackgroundIn addition to the beneficial health effects of being active, sports are also associated with a risk of sustaining injuries. To avoid the occurrence of sports injuries, preventive measures can be applied. The aim of the current article is to provide insight into the systematic developmental process of two evidence-based interventions designed to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour in runners and skiers, in which Intervention Mapping (IM) and Knowledge Transfer Scheme (KTS) are used as developmental protocols. However, the ultimate steps in the process are adjusted to meet requirements of the intervention and the target group.MethodsUsing a three-step process, we developed two interventions to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour in runners and skiers. Sports participants, sports experts and behaviour experts contributed throughout steps two and three of the developmental process.ResultsIn step one we started with a problem statement in which we used information about the number and the burden of running-related and skiing-related injuries in the Netherlands. In step two, in-depth research was performed using four research strategies. During this step we tried to answer the following question: Which preventive measures or actions should be executed to prevent what injuries by whom, and how should we do that? A desk research/systematic review of the literature, expert meetings, target user surveys, and target user focus group meetings were conducted. In step three of product development, both interventions were developed. During the developmental process, co-creation sessions with target users were held. Before finalizing the interventions, pre-tests of the interventions were performed with target users.ConclusionsThrough a three-step approach, we developed two interventions to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour in runners and skiers. To develop an intervention that fits the needs of the target population, and will be used by them, it is necessary to involve this population as soon and as much as possible. Several steps in the IM and KTS protocols have thus been adjusted in order to establish an optimal fit between intervention and target group.

Highlights

  • In addition to the beneficial health effects of being active, sports are associated with a risk of sustaining injuries

  • The aim of the current article is to provide insight into the systematic developmental process of two evidence-based interventions to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour in runners and skiers, in which Intervention Mapping (IM) and Knowledge Transfer Scheme (KTS) are used as a developmental protocol

  • Using a three-step process – an abbreviation or moderation of the various steps from Intervention Mapping and Knowledge Transfer Scheme protocols – we developed two interventions to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour in runners and skiers

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Summary

Introduction

In addition to the beneficial health effects of being active, sports are associated with a risk of sustaining injuries. While being active through running and skiing has undeniable beneficial health effects, both sports are associated with a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The use of effective injury-preventive measures, such as helmets in bicycle races or shin guards in football, have been made compulsory. The enforcement of these compulsory measures and the risk for (external) penalties are motivating factors to stimulate injurypreventive behaviour. Significant efforts have to be made to accomplish a behavioural change in order to increase the use of effective measures and subsequently reduce the number of running-related and skiing-related injuries

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