Abstract
Stigmellamultispicata Rocienė & Stonis, 2014, previously known from the single male holotype from Primorye, Russia, is reported as a new invasive species mining leaves of Siberian elm, Ulmuspumila L., in eastern North America. Both adults and leafmines have been reported from many sites as unidentified Nepticulidae since 2010. Crucial for the identification was a match of the DNA barcode of a single larva collected on Ulmuspumila in Beijing with adults from North America. The single larva constitutes a new record for China. Stigmellamultispicata is closely related to the European S.ulmivora (Fologne, 1860), feeding likewise on Ulmus, but differs in details of external morphology and genitalia, particularly in the female, where S.multispicata has a remarkable elongated narrow ovipositor, suitable for oviposition in underside hairy leaf vein axils, where all mines start. In North America S.multispicata is the only Ulmus-feeding nepticulid with green larvae. Currently the species is known from USA: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Canada: Ontario and Québec. In Sagaponack, on Long Island, New York, larvae have been reported to occur en masse on Siberian elms from at least two sites. The current distribution could be reconstructed thanks also to many online photographs from observation websites. The species is redescribed, with the first descriptions of female, larva, and leafmine, and compared with S.ulmivora, which is fully redescribed. The two native North American nepticulid Ulmus leafminers, S.apicialbella (Chambers, 1873) and Ectoedemiaulmella (Braun, 1912), are diagnosed and new provincial and state records are provided. A key to linear mines on Ulmus in North America is provided. We suspect that trade of live plants through nurseries played a role in the sudden spread of this invasive species.
Highlights
The North American insect fauna has been enriched by an influx of numerous alien species
The material of S. multispicata from the United States and Canada originates from several sources; the few adult specimens from Canada were collected during the School Malaise Trap Program (Steinke et al 2017)
We think that the invasion must have been from Asia to North America and not the other way around
Summary
The North American insect fauna has been enriched by an influx of numerous alien species. Since the two known North American Nepticulidae on elm (see below) have yellow larvae, he contacted EJvN for identification. It soon was clear by comparing DNA barcodes and the emerging moths that these were the same species as the one found in Indiana. We will here redescribe Stigmella multispicata, compare it with the European S. ulmivora (Fologne, 1860) and the other North American species of Nepticulidae feeding on Ulmus, and discuss the probability of its invasion from Asia into North America
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