Abstract
BackgroundPrevious research on public stigma towards people with mental disorders has mostly targeted adult samples and focused on depression, schizophrenia or mental disorders in general. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards different mental disorders (including less researched ones) in a representative sample of adolescents and young adults.MethodsData from the Swiss Youth Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Survey were used (analytical sample: n = 4,932). Each participant was randomly presented with one of five vignettes (depression; alcohol abuse; depression and alcohol abuse combined; schizophrenia; social anxiety). The structure of stigmatizing attitudes was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Regression models, implemented within a structural equation framework, were used to study predictors for the identified latent variables.ResultsA three-factor model for stigmatizing attitudes–consisting of ‘dangerous/unpredictable’, ‘weak-no-sick’, and ‘social distance’ factors–best fitted the data. Female gender was associated with less stigmatizing attitudes. Associations in opposite directions with different latent factors were found for educational and migration background. Exposure to mental disorders (being personally affected, personally having received professional help or knowing someone close who has received treatment for a mental disorder) was either not or was negatively associated with stigmatizing attitudes. In contrast, current mental health symptoms (heightened levels of psychological distress, problematic alcohol use) were generally not or were positively associated with stigmatizing attitudes. Even though the included predictors had some predictive value, the variance explained by the models was rather small (the adjusted R2 varied between 0.03 and 0.26).ConclusionsThe current study indicates that contact with someone who has received treatment for a mental disorder might be an important component of programs aiming to decrease stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders, since this exposure variable predicted lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes. Furthermore, the findings suggest that target-group interventions for specific subgroups need to be considered, as the process leading to stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders appears to differ between specific sociodemographic subgroups.
Highlights
IntroductionMany people with mental disorders (including substance-related disorders) experience a ‘double burden’, as they are affected by their condition, and face stigmatization [1, 2]
Many people with mental disorders experience a ‘double burden’, as they are affected by their condition, and face stigmatization [1, 2]
The current study indicates that contact with someone who has received treatment for a mental disorder might be an important component of programs aiming to decrease stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders, since this exposure variable predicted lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes
Summary
Many people with mental disorders (including substance-related disorders) experience a ‘double burden’, as they are affected by their condition, and face stigmatization [1, 2]. Stigma constitutes a major barrier to seeking help for mental disorders [4, 5]. This is problematic insofar as forgone or delayed care further exacerbates the affected person’s condition and living situation [6]. The current article focuses on a subtype of public stigma called personal stigma, which describes a person’s individual attitudes towards people with mental disorders [7]. Previous research on public stigma towards people with mental disorders has mostly targeted adult samples and focused on depression, schizophrenia or mental disorders in general. The present study aimed to investigate predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards different mental disorders (including less researched ones) in a representative sample of adolescents and young adults.
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