Stigma Resistance and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Mood Disorder at St. Paul's Hospital and Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019.

Elias Tesfaye,Chalachew Kassaw,Liyew Agenagnew

doi:10.1155/2020/7429567

Elias Tesfaye, Chalachew Kassaw + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7429567

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Journal: Psychiatry journal	Publication Date: Jun 9, 2020
Citations: 2	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Jimma University, Dilla University

Abstract

Background Stigma resistance is described as the capacity to counteract or remain unaffected by the stigma of mental illness. Patients who have high stigma resistance have shown good treatment outcome, so working on this issue is crucial since little is known about the stigma resistance level among patients with mood disorders. Objectives To determine the magnitude and determinant factors of stigma resistance among patients with mood disorder attending at St. Paul's Hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted on 238 study samples, and systematic random sampling was used to get the study participants. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale was used to measure stigma resistance. Data was entered using EpiData 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science 22.0 for analysis. Linear regression analysis (P < 0.05) was used to identify a significant association between the outcome and predictor variable. Results Out of 238 study samples, 235 patients took part with a 99% response rate. The overall percentage of stigma resistance was 49.5%. Low educational status (B = −1.465, 95% CI (-2.796, -0.134), P ≤ 0.031), disability (B = −0.064, 95% CI (-0.102, -0.026), P ≤ 0.001), nonadherence due to stigma (B = −1.365, 95% CI (-2.151, -0.580), P ≤ 0.001), duration of treatment (B = 0.091, 95% CI (0.042, 0.141), P ≤ 0.001), internalized stigma (B = −2.948, 95% CI (-3.642, -2.254), P ≤ 0.001), and self-esteem (B = 1.859, 95% CI (0.812, 2.906), P ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with stigma resistance. Conclusion This study found that only half of the patients had stigma resistance. Low educational status, high self-stigma, low self-esteem, disability, and short duration of treatment were negatively associated with stigma resistance, so working on those modifiable identified factors with focal stakeholders will be crucial to promote the stigma resistance level of patients with mood disorder.

Highlights

According to a 2019 World Health Organization report, the current prevalence of mental illness in the adult population is 22.1%, and from this, more than half accounts for mood disorder which is a recurrent chronic disorder characterized by fluctuations in mood state and energy [1].Stigma is defined as a mark of shame, disgrace, or disapproval which results in an individual being rejected, discriminated against, and excluded from participating in a number of different areas of society [2]
This study found that having no formal educational status (B = −1:465, 95% CI (-2.796, -0.134), P ≤ 0:031), WHODAS (II) score (B = −0:064, 95% CI (-0.102, -0.026), P ≤ 0:001), nonadherence due stigma (B = −1:365, 95% CI (-2.151, -0.580), P ≤ 0:001), duration of treatment (B = 0:091, 95% CI (0.042, 0.14), P ≤ 0:001), internalized stigma (B = −2:948, 95% CI (-3.642, -2.254), P ≤ 0:001), and self-esteem (B = 1:859, 95% CI (0.812, 2.906), P ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with stigma resistance score (Table 5)
Patients who had low educational status had less stigma resistance as compared with those who had above the secondary level of education (B = −1:465, 95% CI (-2.796, -0.134), P ≤ 0:031) as evidenced by the previous study [24], and this may be due to the fact that people who had a higher level of education might have a high level of awareness about their illness and used coping strategies which help to counteract different stereotypes, beliefs, and attitudes coming from the self and public regarding their illness

Summary

Introduction

According to a 2019 World Health Organization report, the current prevalence of mental illness in the adult population is 22.1%, and from this, more than half accounts for mood disorder (bipolar and depression) which is a recurrent chronic disorder characterized by fluctuations in mood state and energy [1].Stigma is defined as a mark of shame, disgrace, or disapproval which results in an individual being rejected, discriminated against, and excluded from participating in a number of different areas of society [2]. Patients who have high stigma resistance have shown good treatment outcome, so working on this issue is crucial since little is known about the stigma resistance level among patients with mood disorders. Low educational status (B = −1:465, 95% CI (-2.796, -0.134), P ≤ 0:031), disability (B = −0:064, 95% CI (-0.102, -0.026), P ≤ 0:001), nonadherence due to stigma (B = −1:365, 95% CI (-2.151, -0.580), P ≤ 0:001), duration of treatment (B = 0:091, 95% CI (0.042, 0.141), P ≤ 0:001), internalized stigma (B = −2:948, 95% CI (-3.642, -2.254), P ≤ 0:001), and self-esteem (B = 1:859, 95% CI (0.812, 2.906), P ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with stigma resistance. High self-stigma, low self-esteem, disability, and short duration of treatment were negatively associated with stigma resistance, so working on those modifiable identified factors with focal stakeholders will be crucial to promote the stigma resistance level of patients with mood disorder

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Conclusion