Stigma Resistance Among Sexual Minorities

Abstract

Stigma against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals is prevalent and pervasive, but limited research has examined the individual differences in resisting and fighting against the stigma. The present study tested a conceptual model about the psychosocial predictors and well-being outcomes of stigma resistance among LGB individuals. We hypothesized that positive in-group perceptions, especially group value and group identification, would affect stigma resistance, which would, in turn, have an impact on self-stigma and self-empowerment, and then influence life satisfaction. Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected from 401 LGB individuals residing in Hong Kong, China, in 2018. Structural equation modelling and bootstrap analyses were performed to analyze the relations among group value, group identification, stigma resistance, self-stigma, self-empowerment, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modelling showed that group value and group identification were positively associated with stigma resistance, which was, in turn, linked to lower self-stigma and higher self-empowerment, and thereby greater life satisfaction. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that group value and group identification had significant indirect effects on self-stigma and self-empowerment via stigma resistance and on life satisfaction via stigma resistance, self-stigma, and self-empowerment. Findings revealed the potential pathways through which positive in-group perceptions could enable LGB individuals to build resilience against stigma, develop a positive sexual identity, and lead a flourishing life. Findings pointed to the importance of developing effective interventions to promote positive in-group perceptions among LGB individuals in order to enhance their stigma resistance, increase their identity affirmation, and heighten their life satisfaction.