Abstract
The dynamics of a stiffnite are here inferred. A stiffnite is a sheet-shaped, gravity-driven submarine sediment flow, with a fabric made up of marine ooze. To infer stiffnite dynamics, order of magnitude estimations are used. Field deposits and experiments on materials taken from the literature are also used. Stiffnites can be tens or hundreds of kilometers wide, and a few centimeters/ meters thick. They move on the sea slopes over hundreds of kilometers, reaching submarine velocities as high as 100 m/s. Hard grain friction favors grain fragmentation and formation of triboelectrically electrified particles and triboplasma (i.e., ions + electrons). Marine lipids favor isolation of electrical charges. At first, two basic assumptions are introduced, and checked a posteriori: (a) in a flowing stiffnite, magnetic dipole moments develop, with the magnetization proportional to the shear rate. I have named those dipoles as Ambigua. (b) Ambigua are ‘vertically frozen’ along stiffnite streamlines. From (a) and (b), it follows that: (i) Ambigua create a magnetic field (at peak, >1 T). (ii) Lorentz forces sort stiffnite particles into two superimposed sheets. The lower sheet, L+, has a sandy granulometry and a net positive electrical charge density. The upper sheet, L–, has a silty muddy granulometry and a net negative electrical charge density; the grains of sheet L– become finer upwards. (iii) Faraday forces push ferromagnetic grains towards the base of a stiffnite, so that a peak of magnetic susceptibility characterizes a stiffnite deposit. (iv) Stiffnites harden considerably during their motion, due to magnetic confinement. Stiffnite deposits and inferred stiffnite characteristics are compatible with a stable flow behavior against bending, pinch, or other macro instabilities. In the present report, a consistent hypothesis about the nature of Ambigua is provided.
Highlights
A stiffnite is a particular kind of gravity-driven submarine sediment flow that moves down-slope along the seafloor
I believe that the hypothesis about magnetic dipole Ambigua and stiffnite dynamics is valid because it coherently and inexpansively explains the features of some kinds of marine deposits, which would otherwise require multiple, disjointed explanatory hypotheses
– In Section 3, I describe some stiffnite deposits taken from the literature
Summary
A stiffnite is a particular kind of gravity-driven submarine sediment flow that moves down-slope along the seafloor. Ambigua create a magnetic field, which sorts the electrified grains and groups ferromagnetic particles. I believe that the hypothesis about magnetic dipole Ambigua and stiffnite dynamics is valid because it coherently and inexpansively explains the features of some kinds of marine deposits, which would otherwise require multiple, disjointed explanatory hypotheses. – In Section 2, I list the main characteristics of stiffnites and their dynamics. – In Section 3, I describe some stiffnite deposits taken from the literature ( in the literature, these deposits are interpreted as turbidites). – In Section 4, I describe a peak of magnetic susceptibility that occurs in stiffnite deposits taken from the literature (again, in the literature, these deposits are interpreted otherwise; e.g., as turbidite units). I discuss the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic properties of the grains of a stiffnite deposit. In a reference coordinate system, let the positive y-axis be along
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