Abstract
In defining member stiffness coefficients, simple distinctions between beams or columns can be misleading, especially for frames governed by earthquake or wind loads where column compression loads may be small relative to column strengths. In this paper, factors influencing beam-column stiffness in frame analysis are reviewed and simple formulas are proposed to determine effective flexural and shear stiffness coefficients of beam-columns as a function of the applied axial compression. The proposed stiffness coefficients represent conditions at incipient yield, and are applicable for linear analyses and the linear preyield region of nonlinear analyses. Proposed stiffness coefficients are compared to test data and alternative recommendations from several sources. More test data is needed for refinement of available models, particularly in the area of shear stiffness.
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