Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a heterogeneous autoimmune reaction typically occurring in the orbit of middle age group. The orbital inflammation of Graves' disease may parallel or remain isolated from a related inflammatory reaction in the thyroid gland. Development and severity of TED may dependent to both endogenous (genetic factors, increased age, male sex) and, or exogenous factors (smoking, thyroid dysfunction, and radioiodine treatment). Although rescue medical therapy for severe TED is often initiated with glucocorticoids, steroid-sparing medications may be an alternative area of efficient treatment.
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