Abstract

Tumor metastases are the main reasons for oncotherapy failure. Paris polyphylla (Chinese name: Chonglou) has traditionally been used for its anti-cancer actions. In this article, we focus on the regulation of human lung cancer A549 cell metastases and invasion by Paris polyphylla steroidal saponins (PPSS). Cell viability was evaluated in A549 cells by MTT assay. Effects of PPSS on invasion and migration were investigated by wound-healing and matrigel invasion chamber assays. Adhesion to type IV collagen and laminin was evaluated by MTT assay. Expression and protease activity of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, were analyzed by Western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. PPSS exerted growth inhibitory effects on A549 cells, and effectively inhibited A549 cell adhesion, migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting and gelatin zymography analysis revealed that PPSS inhibited the expression and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in A549 cells. PPSS has the potential to suppress the migration, adhesion and invasion of A549 cells. PPSS could be a potential candidate for interventions against lung cancer metastases.

Highlights

  • Lung cancer is the leading causes of cancer death worldwide (Siegel et al, 2014), mainly due to the difficulty of early diagnosis and the highly metastatic potential, which has being the hotspot of lung cancer research (Li et al, 2014)

  • We focus on the regulation of human lung cancer A549 cell metastases and invasion by Paris polyphylla steroidal saponins (PPSS)

  • matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumor types that can promote cancer progression by increasing cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, inhibition of the function of MMPs, especially matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is being most attractive for anticancer therapy (Hidalgo and Eckhardt, 2001; Cao et al, 2011)

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Summary

Introduction

Lung cancer is the leading causes of cancer death worldwide (Siegel et al, 2014), mainly due to the difficulty of early diagnosis and the highly metastatic potential, which has being the hotspot of lung cancer research (Li et al, 2014). MMPs are overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumor types that can promote cancer progression by increasing cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, inhibition of the function of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, in the ECM is being most attractive for anticancer therapy (Hidalgo and Eckhardt, 2001; Cao et al, 2011). We focus on the regulation of human lung cancer A549 cell metastases and invasion by Paris polyphylla steroidal saponins (PPSS). Results: PPSS exerted growth inhibitory effects on A549 cells, and effectively inhibited A549 cell adhesion, migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting and gelatin zymography analysis revealed that PPSS inhibited the expression and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in A549 cells. Conclusions: PPSS has the potential to suppress the migration, adhesion and invasion of A549 cells. PPSS could be a potential candidate for interventions against lung cancer metastases

Methods
Results
Conclusion

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