Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic non-caseating granulomatous disease of unknown origin, and involvement of the nervous system may result in irreversible neurological deficits. Corticosteroids (CSs) are commonly used as first-line agents for neurosarcoidosis. In steroid-refractory patients, immunosuppressants (ISs) have been used as second-line agents, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors as third-line agents. However, evidence regarding the treatment of steroid-refractory neurosarcoidosis is scarce, and treatment strategies for such patients have not been established. In this article, we review the evidence regarding treatments for neurosarcoidosis and strategies for refractory patients. We also discuss the practical uses of CS, IS, and TNF-α inhibitors, providing specific cases treated with such agents.
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