Abstract
Steroid hormones are the main secretory products of specialized tissues in the body. The actions of steroid hormones are powerful, affecting almost every tissue including the central nervous system. These myriad effects are mediated by receptor proteins that are specific for each steroid hormone class (estrogens, androgens, progestogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids). Although the actions of steroid hormones are broad, their effects are similarly mediated in each tissue through their individual expression of the various steroid hormone receptors and through tissue-selective expression of co-regulatory proteins. Thus, a unique property of steroid hormone receptors is their ability to regulate gene transcription through direct and indirect interactions with DNA or influence signaling pathways through associations with the cell membrane. This article will provide an overview of how steroid hormone receptors function normally and in disease.
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