Abstract
Sterilization of fermentation media, inlet and outlet gases, and maintenance of aseptic conditions during bioprocessing represent one of the most relevant parts of comprehensive upstream processing. This article represents a review of various sterilization techniques and methods for sterilization of inlet gases and liquids, including sterilization of small and large industrial equipment, and validation of sterilization procedures. Various methods for sterilization of inlet and outlet gases by filtration using various types of filters, filter cartridges, and membrane filters are presented. Liquid sterilization methods by filtration as well as heat sterilization are discussed. Sterilization of small- and industrial-scale equipment by chemical agents and physical methods as ionizing radiation and dry heat sterilization, including the validation of sterilization, are discussed.
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