Sterilization Effects of Adult-targeted Baits Containing Insect Growth Regulators on Delia antiqua.

Fangyuan Zhou,Zheng Wang,Xianxian Li,Xiaodan Ma,Guodong Zhu,Huaqiang Xu,Ming Xue,Yanyan Liu,Haipeng Zhao

doi:10.1038/srep32855

Fangyuan Zhou, Zheng Wang + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32855

Copy DOI

Abstract

The onion maggot, Delia antiqua, is a devastating pest of liliaceous crops and current control measures fail to avert pesticide residues, threats to agroecosystem, and costly expenditures. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are used as trypetid pest chemosterilants for their suppression on adult fertility and fecundity, but their effects on onion flies are unknown. Here, three IGRs (lufenuron, cyromazine, pyriproxyfen) were incorporated into baits to evaluate their effects on onion fly survival, fecundity, fertility, susceptibility of adults in different ages and offspring development. Lufenuron and cyromazine did not affect survival of new-emerged adults, but lufenuron inhibited adult fertility without affecting fecundity, and cyromazine reduced fertility and fecundity. Differently, pyriproxyfen enhanced fecundity within 10 days after treatment, while it reduced adult survival without affecting fertility. The fertility of younger adults was affected by lufenuron and cyromazine whereas the fecundity was affected with cyromazine and pyriproxyfen. For offspring of onion flies treated with lufenuron or cyromazine, most of larvae died within 5 days after hatch, but surviving larvae pupated and emerged normally. Pyriproxyfen did not affect offspring larval survival or pupation but affected pupal emergence. Thus, lufenuron and cyromazine could be potential chemosterilants for onion flies.

Highlights

Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is a devastating crop pest distributed widely in many temperate countries such as Canada, Mexico, United States, China and Japan1
The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of several selected insect growth regulators (IGRs) used in baits on onion fly adult survival, fecundity, fertility, susceptibility of adults in different ages and offspring development, which would provide support information for them being used as onion fly chemosterilants
Onion fly fecundity was significantly decreased by the 72 h treatment of cyromazine at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg kg−1, and it was directly related to cyromazine doses compared to the control (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is a devastating crop pest distributed widely in many temperate countries such as Canada, Mexico, United States, China and Japan. Onion maggot, feeds on bulb onions, garlics as well as other liliaceous crops, which leads to rot of the damaged parts. As the crop damage is directly caused by onion maggot feeding, present control methods are mainly targeted at the larva. Other methods targeting onion flies (adults) include spraying pesticides on crop leaves, bait trapping stations, repelling female oviposition with plastic strips and the male sterile technique. Lufenuron suppressed C. capitata population in field experiments, and pyriproxyfen has been used to manage tsetse fly as well as Haematobia irritans in the field too Those studies mainly focus on the effects of IGRs on fertility and fecundity, while other parameters such as adult survival and offspring development are scarcely studied. Cyromazine is a chitin-synthesis inhibitor with supposed ecdysone activity

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion