Abstract
Rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg) is one of the important plantation commodities in Indonesia because of its role as a source of income. It stimulates the economic growth around the rubber plantation area. The propagation of rubber is still using conventional methods like grafting. The technique of tissue culture through callus induction is one of the alternatives of mass propagation of rubber seedling with quick and efficient time. The sterilization method is very important to determine the success of tissue culture techniques. Therefore, the aim of this research is to know the best method of sterilization and callus formation in rubber explants. The basic media used were WPM and MS, with BAP of 2 ppm and NAA 0.1 ppm. The best result of sterilization is by soaking 5% fungicide solution for 5 minutes, 5% Clorox solution for 15 minutes, betadin 10% solution for 5 minutes, and finally it rinsed with sterile water three times. The best medium uses WPM medium for callus induction, with 0.5 cm callus length and embryonic callus. In contrast, the MS medium has 0.4 cm callus length and non embryonic callus.
Highlights
Rubber is the output of plantations in Indonesia which is the second largest export commodity after palm oil
Optimization of sterilization and callus formation on a PGR combination and the appropriate media needs to be done, so it can be used to produce high quality rubber plant seeds and produce a standard protocol that can be used in the induction of somatic embryogenesis of the plants
The results showed that sterilization explants shoot apical rubber plant is by soaking using 5% fungicide for 5 minutes, and rinsed with sterile aquadest three times
Summary
Rubber is the output of plantations in Indonesia which is the second largest export commodity after palm oil. Rootstock is the origin of seed plants (seedlings) so its availability depends on the season of seed are generally only lasted once in a year. The weakness of this technique among others is that it takes a long time, about 18 months from germination to transplantation of the seedlings is ready to be moved to the field. Optimization of sterilization and callus formation on a PGR combination and the appropriate media needs to be done, so it can be used to produce high quality rubber plant seeds and produce a standard protocol that can be used in the induction of somatic embryogenesis of the plants
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