Abstract
PurposeTo test the validity of the ASTEROID stereotest as a clinical test of depth perception by comparing it to clinical and research standard tests.MethodsThirty-nine subjects completed four stereotests twice: the ASTEROID test on an autostereo 3D tablet, a research standard on a VPixx PROPixx 3D projector, Randot Circles, and Randot Preschool. Within 14 days, subjects completed each test for a third time.ResultsASTEROID stereo thresholds correlated well with research standard thresholds (r = 0.87, P < 0.001), although ASTEROID underestimated standard threshold (mean difference = 11 arcsec). ASTEROID results correlated less strongly with Randot Circles (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and Randot Preschool (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), due to the greater measurement range of ASTEROID (1–1000 arcsec) compared to Randot Circles or Randot Preschool. Stereo threshold variability was low for all three clinical stereotests (Bland–Altman 95% limits of agreement between test and retest: ASTEROID, ±0.37; Randot Circles, ±0.24; Randot Preschool, ±0.23). ASTEROID captured the largest range of stereo in a normal population with test–retest reliability comparable to research standards (immediate r = 0.86 for ASTEROID vs. 0.90 for PROPixx; follow-up r = 0.68 for ASTEROID vs. 0.88 for PROPixx).ConclusionsCompared to clinical and research standards for assessing depth perception, ASTEROID is highly accurate, has good test–retest reliability, and measures a wider range of stereo threshold.Translational RelevanceThe ASTEROID stereotest is a better clinical tool for determining baseline stereopsis and tracking changes during treatment for amblyopia and strabismus compared to current clinical tests.
Highlights
Binocular vision has been shown to be superior to monocular vision when performing complex visual tasks.[1,2,3,4] The primary advantage of binocular vision lies in the neural combination of the visual overlap between the two eyes and the resulting perception of depth
Stereo threshold variability was low for all three clinical stereotests (Bland– Altman 95% limits of agreement between test and retest: ASTEROID, ±0.37; Randot Circles, ±0.24; Randot Preschool, ±0.23)
ASTEROID captured the largest range of stereo in a normal population with test–retest reliability comparable to research standards
Summary
Binocular vision has been shown to be superior to monocular vision when performing complex visual tasks.[1,2,3,4] The primary advantage of binocular vision lies in the neural combination of the visual overlap between the two eyes and the resulting perception of depth. Because a human’s two eyes are placed in different horizontal positions on the head, each eye perceives the same three-dimensional (3D) scene from a slightly different angle The brain measures this horizontal disparity between the images of the two eyes and processes these images to produce a sensation of depth.[5] The term “stereopsis” refers to the impression of depth arising from binocular disparity and represents one of the truly binocular cues to depth.[6] Stereopsis can be separated into two distinct forms: global and local.[7] Local stereopsis can be probed with simple targets containing contour elements. The contour targets in such stereograms contain some monocular cues, allowing them to be solved by patients with abnormal binocular vision.[8] Global stereopsis, on the other hand, must be probed with more complex targets that lack monocular cues
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