Stereolithographic printing of epithelial and mucosal scaffold

Abstract

Stereolithography (SLA) is a type of solid free-form fabrication (SFF) technique that can produce intricate products that conventional subtractive manufacturing processes cannot. This character of the method is mainly helpful in biomedical applications, where the requirements are high precision, quick production time, and versatility of material along with customization of patient-specific parts. The damage to any human body tissues can disturb its regular functioning. Scaffolds can assist in regenerating damaged tissues and cells like epithelial or mucosal cells. The work aims to design and print an epithelial and mucosal scaffold made of bio-compatible material to help the cells regenerate quickly. The scaffold is printed using a photo polymeric resin-based 3D printer. This work has undergone multiple iterations to determine the optimal parameters, including raft type, support density, touchpoint size, presence of internal supports, layer thickness, and curing time. Through these iterations, the study aimed to achieve the best possible outcomes regarding scaffold printing. Once printed, the scaffold is post-processed to meet the required structural strength by proper crosslinking and solidification. Although the resin, once solidified, cannot be melted and reused, it is environmentally less polluting due to its lesser specific energy demand than subtractive manufacturing. Also, the requirement of frequent tool changes, coolant supply, and disposal can be avoided entirely in stereolithography. The SLA process utilizing the Biomed amber resin offers high precision and versatility. It is recognized as an eco-friendly and biocompatible approach, making it a promising solution for biomedical applications. Post-printing analysis of the time of printing, volume of resin used, layer thickness, washing, and curing duration have been outlined in work. The scaffold is analyzed for static strength, and the results are compared to the skin.