Stereochemical enhancement of polymer properties

Abstract

The importance of stereochemistry to the function of molecules is generally well understood. However, to date, control over stereochemistry and its potential to influence properties of the resulting polymers are, as yet, not fully realized. This Review focuses on the state of the art with respect to how stereochemistry in polymers has been used to influence and control their physical and mechanical properties, as well as begin to control their function. A brief overview of the synthetic methodology by which to access these materials is included, with the main focus directed towards the effect of stereochemistry on mechanical properties, biodegradation and conductivity. In addition, advances in applications of stereodefined polymers for enantioseparation and as supports for catalysts in asymmetric transformations are discussed. Finally, we consider the opportunities that the rich stereochemistry of sustainably sourced monomers might offer in this field. Where possible, we have drawn parallels between design principles in order to identify opportunities and limitations that these approaches may present in their effects on materials properties, performance and function. Changes in the stereochemistry of polymer chains result in changes to the mechanical and physical behaviour of the resulting materials. By harnessing synthetic methods to create stereocontrolled polymers, a new parameter can be accessed to control the behaviour of bulk material.