Abstract
Leishmaniasis, with 1.5-2.0 million new cases per year and a prevalence of 12 million cases in the world is a health problem in 88 countries, especially in 72 developing ones.’ Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis depend on the causative species and the state of the host’s immune response.2 Some American soldiers returning from the Desert Storm operation in Saudi Arabia presented unusual manifestations that created more interest among Western medical societies in this tropical problem.” Efforts to protect people against leishmaniasis have a long historical background, such as leishmanization of Kurds and Bedouins. Healthy individuals in southwest Asia were inoculated with live parasites (leishmanization) from the pus of patients’ lesions many years ago in early trials.4 Recent experience with leishmanization took place in Iran where about 2,000,OOO individuals were included in the program. However, leishmanization produces a lesion that usually lasts for three to nine months and could evolve into a chronic disease in about 2%.-i
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