Stepping Out of the Shadows: Legacy of the European Capitals of Culture, Guimarães 2012 and Košice 2013

Oto Hudec,José Cadima Ribeiro,Paula Remoaldo,Nataša Urbančíková

doi:10.3390/su11051469

Oto Hudec, José Cadima Ribeiro + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051469

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Abstract

The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) is the most ambitious cultural, collaborative programme in Europe. Up until 2000, ECOC projects were hosted by several national capitals and principal cultural cities in Europe. In the second phase, the programme also began to discover second-tier and less well-known cities hidden in the shadow of the cultural capitals. This paper focuses on assessing different ECOC strategies (traditional versus radical) and the corresponding legacies of two medium-sized cities: Guimarães (ECOC in 2012, Portugal) and Košice (ECOC in 2013, Slovakia). Cultural heritage is identified by the capacity of culture to change development trajectory and to boost the economy of cities. The strategies and legacies of Guimarães and Košice have revealed themselves to be comparatively different, especially due to their differences with respect to UNESCO cultural heritage. While Guimarães partially succeeded in enhancing its position as a tourist attraction and the visibility of its historical cultural heritage, the industrial city of Košice is an example of more radical and dynamic culture-led form of development, overcoming the provincialism of the city. Most importantly, and due to the strengthening pride of the locals, both ECOC cities have stepped out of the shadow of stronger cultural capitals in their countries. This joint research offers the possibility of a first-hand comparison of traditional and radical approaches and an in-depth interpretation of their legacies after a period of five years, explaining the mechanisms of forming different legacies in two types of ECOC cities. The results can help future ECOC cities to set their strategies in relation to their desired cultural and economic development.

Highlights

The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) programme was officially created by the European Union (EU) in 1985, following the suggestion made in the early 1980s by the Greek and French Ministers of Culture [1]
The first group of questions dealt with the ECOC hosting and its impacts and legacies, while the second group focused on the possible change in visitor profiles and opinions on hosting a mega-cultural event in the future
Strategies and Cultural Heritage: It can be concluded that strong cultural heritage leads more to UNESCO’s approach to development

Summary

Introduction

The European Capitals of Culture (ECOC) programme was officially created by the European Union (EU) in 1985, following the suggestion made in the early 1980s by the Greek and French Ministers of Culture [1]. In an ECOC-awarded city, cultural events with strong European ties are organised during a given year. Since this programme has progressively become the most ambitious, cultural, collaborative project performed in Europe [2,3]. As claimed by [4] and [2], it is one of the oldest, most rewarding and representative cultural initiatives implemented in the EU by its institutions, countries and people It is the third most important mega-event hosted in Europe, following the Olympics and the World and European Football Championships [5]. It is crucially important to examine the immediate and short- and long-term effects the programme brings to ECOC-awarded cities

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