Stepping Out of Bounds: The Over-Prosecution of Recreational Athletes in the Light of DFSNZ v XYZ

Abstract

DFSNZ v XYZ presents a worrying precedent for anti-doping law. That case arose after New Zealand's anti-doping enforcement body, Drug Free Sport New Zealand (DFSNZ), expanded its jurisdiction over athletes. It did so by internal administrative decision and without notice. This action was upheld in DFSNZ v XYZ by a majority of the Sports Tribunal resulting in an unsuspecting golfer being banned for one year. The decision upheld DFSNZ's extension of onerous obligations and invasive testing powers designed for elite to the large proportion of ordinary New Zealanders who partake in sport. This article critiques the XYZ decision on two bases: (a) DFSNZ's illegitimate expansion of its jurisdiction to by mere administrative policy change; and (b) the pitfalls of extending a regime designed for elite to athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has developed a new World Anti- Doping Code which will come into force in January 2021. The 2021 Code creates a new two-tiered system which treats and recreational athletes differently. This article analyses the new Code and critiques its shortcomings with regards to defining the Code's jurisdiction and ensuring a proportionate response to doping in sport. WADA's new Code is a step in the right direction but fails to go far enough to align with the participation, health and education objectives of sport.