Abstract
1. A stepped overflow surface of a spillway structure not only effectively dissipates the kinetic energy of the flow being discharged but also eliminates cavitation phenomena on the spillway during passage of water with high velocities. Due to the curvature of the bottom jets, a part of the kinetic energy of the flow is transformed into a hydrodynamic pressure surcharging the slope. 2. Both the spillway surface of concrete dams and of outlets constructed on the downstream slope of earth dams can be made stepped. The stepped surface is formed by placing stepwise overlapping flat reinforced-concrete slabs, use of special V-shaped reinforced concrete slabs, and also by placing roller-compacted concrete on a drainage-filter layer on the earth slope. Each of these designs has its own advantages and shortcomings, which are carefully examined before selecting the final version. 3. Stepped spillways made of precast reinforced-concrete elements on the downstream slope of earth dams have the best indices with respect to consumption of materials and cost. The publication of a guide to the design of such spillways will promote their wider introduction into hydrotechnical construction practice.
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