Abstract
This chapter contains safety criteria according to IEEE Standards, step and touch voltage criteria, reduction factor, simplified equations for mesh and step voltage, application of step and mesh potential in safe earthing system design, safety criteria, IEC 479-1 STD, permissible touch and step voltage according to IEC 479-1, Optimum Compression Ratio (OCR), test and verify, approximated analysis to calculate voltage profile using apparent soil resistivity, Scaling factor, test and verify the approximated method—Ground Potential Rise (GPR) of faulty substations having equal and unequal spacing grounding grids conductors. This chapter draws attention also to the following points: Infinite Series Potential (I.S.M.) expressions in three dimensions and calculations of three dimensions potential rise.
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