Stenosis severity and the occurrence of ventricular ectopic activity during acute coronary occlusion during balloon angioplasty

Abstract

To elucidate the incidence and determinants of early ventricular arrhythmias (VA) during acute coronary occlusion, continuous electrocardiographic, heart rate, and blood pressure recordings were performed in 152 patients during standardized balloon occlusions of significant (50% to 95%) coronary artery stenoses. A control group of 13 patients with chronic total occlusion of a coronary artery was also studied. None of them developed VA during balloon inflation in the preexisting total occlusion of the artery. Balloon occlusion of a coronary artery was associated with occurrence of ventricular ectopy in 18 patients (VA group, 12%). The VA group had milder stenosis severity (72% vs 81%, p < 0.01) than the rest of the patients, and none of them had visible collaterals to the occluded vessel. The VA group also had ST-segment deviations more often (p < 0.05) during occlusion than patients with no VA. Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery caused VA more often (p < 0.05) than occlusion of the left circumflex or right coronary artery. No clinical or hemodynamic variable or medication was associated with the occurrence of VA. In stepwise logistic regression analysis, the only significant predictors of ventricular ectopic activity were the stenosis severity and the anterior site of coronary occlusion. Even a nonsrenotic plaque can be so fragile that it is prone to rupture. The present findings suggest that such an occlusion may result in electrical instability more easily than occlusion of a more advanced coronary lesion.