Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent and progressive autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, and currently, no drug is available for the treatment. Stem cell therapy has received substantial attention in MS treatment. Recently, we demonstrated the immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from neural crest-originated human periodontal ligament tissue (hPDLSCs) in an in vivo model of MS. In the present study, we comparatively investigated the stemness properties of hPDLSCs derived from healthy donors and relapsing-remitting MS patients. Stem cell marker expression, cell proliferation, and differentiation capacity were studied. We found that both donor- and MS patient-derived hPDLSCs at early passage 2 showed similar expression of surface antigen markers and cell proliferation rate. Significant level of osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic differentiation capacities was observed in both donor- and MS patient-derived hPDLSCs. Interestingly, these cells maintained the stemness properties even at late passage 15. Senescence markers p16 and p21 expression was considerably enhanced in passage 15. Our results propose that hPDLSCs may serve as simple and potential autologous stem cell niche, which may help in personalized stem cell therapy for MS patients.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating neuroinflammatory disease, which resulted from the activation of immune response against self-antigens residing in the central nervous system (CNS)
Expression of surface molecules such as CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) ABC was positive in both donor- and RR-MS patient-derived hPDLSCs at P2 and P15 passages (Figure 1(a)), while that of CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD326, and HLA-DR was negative
Pluripotency-associated markers octamerbinding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct3/4), NANOG, sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and SSEA4 were positive in P2 and P15
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating neuroinflammatory disease, which resulted from the activation of immune response against self-antigens residing in the central nervous system (CNS). Activated immune cell infiltration in the brain and spinal cord, degenerated myelin sheath, and severe axonal damage are the typical pathological signatures of MS, which eventually cause severe neurological disabilities [1, 2]. Developing new therapeutics for this dreadful disease is very urgent. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), owing to their tissue regenerative and immunomodulatory characteristics [4], have become the center of attraction for MS treatment, and a considerable amount of stem cell-based clinical trials has been made so far with promising results [5]. MSCs are adult stem cells present in tissues including dental, adipose, bone marrow, and placenta
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