Abstract
Stem rust in recent years has acquired an epiphytotic character, causing significant economic damage for wheat production in some parts of Western Siberia. On the basis of a race composition study of the stem rust populations collected in 2016–2017 in Omsk region and Altai Krai, 13 pathotypes in Omsk population and 10 in Altai population were identified. The race differentiation of stem rust using a tester set of 20 North American Sr genes differentiator lines was carried out. The genes of stem rust pathotypes of the Omsk population are avirulent only to the resistance gene Sr31, Altai isolates are avirulent not only to Sr31, but also to Sr24, and Sr30. A low frequency of virulence (10–25 %) of the Omsk population pathotypes was found for Sr11, Sr24, Sr30, and for Altai population – Sr7b, Sr9b, Sr11, SrTmp, which are ineffective in Omsk region. Field evaluations of resistance to stem rust were made in 2016–2018 in Omsk region in the varieties and spring wheat lines from three different sources. The first set included 58 lines and spring bread wheat varieties with identified Sr genes – the so-called trap nursery (ISRTN – International Stem Rust Trap Nursery). The second set included spring wheat lines from the Arsenal collection, that were previously selected according to a complex of economically valuable traits, with genes for resistance to stem rust, including genes introgressed into the common wheat genome from wild cereal species. The third set included spring bread wheat varieties created in the Omsk State Agrarian University within the framework of a shuttle breeding program, with a synthetic wheat with the Ae. tauschii genome in their pedigrees. It was established that the resistance genes Sr31, Sr40, Sr2 complex are effective against stem rust in the conditions of Western Siberia. The following sources with effective Sr genes were selected: (Benno)/6*LMPG-6 DK42, Seri 82, Cham 10, Bacanora (Sr31), RL 6087 Dyck (Sr40), Amigo (Sr24, 1RS-Am), Siouxland (Sr24, Sr31), Roughrider (Sr6, Sr36), Sisson (Sr6, Sr31, Sr36), and Fleming (Sr6, Sr24, Sr36, 1RS-Am), Pavon 76 (Sr2 complex) from the ISRTN nursery; No. 1 BC1F2 (96 × 113) × 145 × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), No. 14а F3 (96 × 113) × 145 (Sr36, Sr44), No. 19 BC2F3 (96 × 113) × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), and No. 20 F3 (96 × 113) × 145 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr40, Sr44) from the Arsenal collection; and the Omsk State Agrarian University varieties Element 22 (Sr31, Sr35), Lutescens 27-12, Lutescens 87-12 (Sr23, Sr36), Lutescens 70-13, and Lutescens 87-13 (Sr23, Sr31, Sr36). These sources are recommended for inclusion in the breeding process for developing stem rust resistant varieties in the region.
Highlights
Stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. for a long time had a weak manifestation in the territory of Western Siberia and only in the recent years acquired an epiphytotic nature, causing significant economic damage for wheat production in the region
Unlike many regions of the world where stem rust is a harmful disease for decades, for example in Krasnodar region of Russia (Ablova et al, 2016), for Western Siberia this is surprising result considering a short period of time since its appearance
Low frequency of virulence (10–25 %) of Omsk population pathotypes was established for Sr11, Sr24, Sr30 genes, for Altai population – for Sr7b, Sr9b, Sr11, SrTmp genes, which were ineffective in Omsk region
Summary
Stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. for a long time had a weak manifestation in the territory of Western Siberia and only in the recent years acquired an epiphytotic nature, causing significant economic damage for wheat production in the region. For a long time had a weak manifestation in the territory of Western Siberia and only in the recent years acquired an epiphytotic nature, causing significant economic damage for wheat production in the region First of all, this is due to the deterioration of the phytosanitary situation in the region, the general trend of climate warming and cultivation of susceptible wheat varieties on large area (Shamanin et al, 2015, 2016a). The duration of the variety cultivation in advanced countries is 3–4 years, while in Russia – 7–10 years (Sanin, 2016) In this regard, the breeding of spring wheat varieties, which have a diverse genetic basis of resistance to stem rust, is very relevant
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