STEM-PjBL Learning: The Impacts on Students’ Critical Thinking, Creative Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration Skills

The digital era has pushed the learning process to use ICT and promote critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creative thinking skills in students (4C skills). The research on the effect of ICT skills on the critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creative thinking skills of students (4C skills) has been partially conducted. However, comprehensive insight should be provided. The research aims to investigate how ICT skills may affect the critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creative thinking skills of students. The research was conducted using a structural equation model with 507 students as the sample. The measurement model indicates that the indicators and constructs are valid and reliable. The structural model shows that ICT skills have positive effects on critical thinking skills. ICT skills have also shown positive and significant effects on students’ communication and collaboration skills. In addition, ICT may also increase students’ creativity. The research results can be basic for teaching and learning practices that might promote students’ 4C skills

Students need critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration skills to face and adapt to social change, so that students can survive and compete well in social life. The aim of the research is to describe the critical thinking, collaboration, communication and creativity skills of high school students in biology learning. The research was carried out in August-September 2023. The research population was high school students in Magetan Regency. The research sampling technique was cluster sampling and the research sample was 539 high school class students. Data collection techniques used questionnaires on critical thinking skills, communication, collaboration and creativity. This research instrument is a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire with 5 Likert scales. Quantitative descriptive research data analysis techniques. The research results show that high school students' critical thinking and creativity skills are in the medium and low categories compared to communication and collaboration skills. The results of the research can be used as a reflection for teachers or future researchers as a follow-up to empower students' critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity skills in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

This research aims to analyze the increase critical thinking and creative thinking skills furthermore to describe collaborative skills and communication skills with PjBL method. This research quantitative type. Pretest-Postest given for critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills, while observation sheet for communication skills and collaboration skills. The populations students of grade X MNS, research samples 34 students of grade X MNS 2 even semester academic year of 2021/2022, with convenience sampling technique. Research instruments are assessment sheets of critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration skills. To determine the increase critical thinking and creative thinking skills are analyzed by One sample T test and N-gain, while for communication skills and collaboration skills are analyzed by quantitative descriptive. T-test results showed a significant difference between pre test and post test results. N-gain analysis results showed that an increase creative thinking skills of 0,72 “moderate” category, critical thinking skills of 0,77 “high” category. While the average score of students’ collaboration skills and communication skills are 64,85 and 65,07 respectively with good category. Conclusion of this research is given, students experienced an increase in creative thinking and critical thinking skills, furthermore for the communication and collaboration skills are categorized as good.

Students' collaborative, critical thinking, creative thinking, and communication skills need to be trained using problem-based learning on sharing and jumping tasks, which has never been studied. This study aimed to analyze students' collaborative, communication, critical, and creative thinking skills using Problem-Based Learning (PBL). This type of research is descriptive. The research design uses a Lesson Study-based case study. The population in this study were all 5th-semester students who attended lectures on Human and Animal Anatomy Physiology at the Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, the Academic year 2021/2022. The sample of this study was students of class 5C with 38 people (total sampling). Data were collected by observation by eight observers using an assessment rubric. Aspects that are measured include critical thinking, creative, collaborative, and communication skills through descriptive quantitative data analysis with percentages. The results showed that students' collaborative, critical thinking, creative thinking, and communication skills were in the good category. There was an increase in the first and second cycles through problem-based learning. The findings of this study are problem-solving-oriented learning can improve classical 4C skills.

Critical thinking and creative thinking skills are needed to improve the quality and competitive human resources. Therefore, the application of appropriate learning models is expected to stimulate students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. This research aims to improve critical thinking and creative thinking skill scores using the ASICC learning model. This type of research is classroom action research which is carried out in 2 cycles, with 3 meetings in each cycle. Data on students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills were collected using essay tests on science learning materials. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the N-gain scores in cycle 1 and cycle 2 for students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. The results of the research revealed that there was an increase that occurred in cycle 2, namely 5.6% in the aspects of moderate critical thinking skills and high creative thinking, as well as in the aspects of critical thinking skills and high creative thinking by 5.6%. Meanwhile, in the previous cycle, these two aspects did not have a high category. Another result found from this research is that students who have low critical thinking skills do not necessarily have low creative thinking skills. This is because students who have low critical thinking skills may have moderate creative thinking skills or vice versa. Thus, the application of the ASICC learning model is effective in improving the scores of critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills of students at Junior High School 5 Kertosono.

Project-based learning is a learning approach that emphasizes students as learning actors who facilitate students to construct their knowledge. However, the application of project-based learning to learning at the tertiary level is a learning syntax that has not been designed by adjusting the characteristics of learning for the tertiary level. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of case study-based learning conducted using a hybrid project-based learning model in improving students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. This study used a non-equivalent control group research design with 70 samples divided into the experimental and control groups. The instruments used are standard critical thinking skills tests, namely Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT) level X, creative thinking skills test instruments, and observation sheets. The results showed that hybrid project-based learning effectively improved students' critical and creative thinking skills. The increase in students' critical thinking skills is higher than students' creative thinking skills.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the CPS (Creative Problem Solving) learning model to improve students' critical and creative thinking skills. This research is an experimental study using a quasi-experimental research design with a non-equivalent control group design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained class VIII A and VIII F. Improving students' critical thinking skills based on T-Test test data pretest and posttest were 4.01 in the control class and 10.29 in the experimental class, both of which were higher than the Ttable, which was 1.99. Improving students' creative thinking skills based on the STUDENT WORKSHEET T-Test Test of 5.035 in the control class and 10,041 in the experimental class, and the T-Test mind mapping of 6,428 in the control class and 6,240 in the experimental class. From the test results, it was found that H0 was rejected so that there was an increase in students' critical and creative thinking skills. Thus, the application of the CPS (Creative Problem Solving) model on the Science material is effectively used to improve students' critical and creative thinking skills.

STEM or Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics-based learning is one of the alternative learning methods that can be used to develop critical thinking skills and communication skills of students. STEM learning methods can be packaged in the form of project-based learning models such as Project- Based Learning (PjBL). Project- Based Learning (PjBL) is a learning model that is centered on students to work on projects in the form of a series of complex tasks so that it can stimulate critical thinking skills and communication skills of students. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the influence of Project- Based Learning (PjBL) on critical and creative thinking skills in Vocational High School (VHS) students. The methodology used in compiling this article is a literature study from relevant journals. The results of the study indicate that the Project- Based Learning (PjBL) is able to provide a positive impact on the development of critical thinking and creative thinking skills of students.

Post-pandemic, gadgets have become an inseparable part of student life. This gives rise to brainrot which affects students’ critical thinking and creative thinking skills. Gadgets also create an individualistic attitude, causing students to have difficulty communicating and collaborating. Seeing this challenge, students need to be equipped with Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration and Creativity (4Cs) skills. This research aims to determine the 4Cs profile of Pelita Nusantara Kasih Surakarta Christian Junior High School students in studying Ecology and Biodiversity. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative with multiple choice questions for critical thinking skills, a questionnaire for communication and collaboration skills, and essay questions for creative thinking skills. The research sample was class VII, VIII, and IX students with a total of 150 students as respondents. The sampling technique is cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and tests. The results show that the critical thinking skills score is 74, the creative thinking skills score is 56, the collaboration skills score is 73, and the communication skills score is 66. The average 4Cs skills score for Pelita Nusantara Kasih Surakarta Christian Junior High School students is 67. The results of this research show that The 4Cs skills of Pelita Nusantara Kasih Surakarta Christian Junior High School students are in the medium category, but for the creative thinking skills need to be improved because they have the lowest score compared to other skills.

For prospective elementary education teachers, critical thinking and collaboration skills in project-based science learning can impact environmental awareness. Critical thinking and collaboration skills can affect prospective teachers' environmental awareness differently, especially in science learning with environmental material. This research aims to determine the effect of critical thinking and collaboration skills on environmental awareness. Correlational research was used to determine the relationship between the two variables. Research data was obtained from 114 prospective Elementary Education teachers at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang through project-based learning. Assessment of critical thinking skills was based on reports or essays from projects undertaken. The collaboration instrument was based on rubrics and peer questionnaires. The environmental awareness instrument used a 27-item questionnaire. The questionnaire was measured using a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) – 4 (strongly agree). The data obtained was tested using SEM to determine the effect of critical thinking and collaboration skills on environmental awareness. The research results show that critical thinking and collaboration skills positively affect environmental awareness. This is indicated by a P-value for critical thinking skills is 0.047 0.05 and a P-value for collaboration skills is 0 0.05. Collaboration skills have a stronger effect on environmental awareness than critical thinking skills (path coefficients = 0.766). Indicators of collaboration skills tend to emphasize the aspect of caring more about others and the surrounding environment. The suggestion for further research is needed to see the effects of other variables on environmental awareness in project-based science learning, such as creative thinking and communication skills.

This research is a meta-analysis of the influence of student worksheets on students' critical and creative thinking skills. Education currently uses the 2013 curriculum. The curriculum demands to learn that provides opportunities for students to develop all their potential. This meta-analysis study aims to determine the effect size value of the effect of using worksheets on students' critical and creative thinking skills based on education level, material unit, and learning model. The sample of this study used 20 national and international articles. The articles used in this study have been analyzed and meet the categories for effect size calculations and are grouped based on three indicators. There are three group indicators analyzed, namely based on education level, based on material units, and based on learning models. The results of this meta-analysis study are 1) Based on junior high and high school education levels, the effect of using student worksheets is equally effective against improving critical and creative thinking skills, but when compared to the effect size results, the SMA level has a higher value, 2) Based on the material unit, fluid material units are more effectively used to improve critical and creative thinking skills, and 3) Based on the learning model, the cooperative learning model is effectively used to improve critical thinking skills and problem-solving is effective to improve students' creative thinking skills.

This study aims to develop and see the effectiveness of flipbook-based digital pocketbooks on environmental pollution material on the critical and creative thinking skills of grade VII students at SMPN 1 Sojol Utara. The method used in this research is research and development (Research and Development) with 4D instructional design. This research was conducted on grade VII students at SMPN 1 Sojol Utara totaling 40 students. The results of this study showed that: (1) The flipbook-based digital pocket book developed obtained a percentage of 86.96% of the very valid category and for media practicality obtained a percentage of 80% of the practical category for use in science learning, critical thinking skills obtained a value of 70.83% in the critical thinking category (2) The ability to think creatively obtained a score of 84.37% with the category of creative thinking (3) The effectiveness of the book The flipbook-based digital pocket developed is very effective in improving students' critical thinking skills with an effect size value of 1.95 very large categories, (4) The effectiveness of the flipbook-based digital pocketbook developed is very effective in improving students' creative thinking skills with an effect size valueThe 1.95 categories are huge. Based on the results of the development that has been carried out, flipbook-based digital pocketbooks can be a learning medium that can improve students' critical and creative thinking skills in science learning.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a proposed blended project-based learning program on developing the 4cs skills (critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration skills) for secondary stage students. The study employed the one-group pretest-posttest quasi – experimental design. The participants were 30 first year secondary stage students at Hassan Abu Bakr Distinguished Governmental Language School in El-Qanater Elkhairya Educational Administration in Qualybia Governorate. The instruments of the study included a list of critical thinking skills, a list of creative thinking skills, a list of communication skills, a list of collaboration skills, a critical thinking test, a pre- post creative thinking test, an observation checklist for communication skills and an observation checklist for collaboration skills. The pre/post critical thinking test, the creative thinking test, and the observation checklists for both communication and collaboration skills were pre administered to the study group. Then, the study group was trained through the proposed blended project-based learning program to develop the 4 Cs skills (critical thinking, creative thinking, communication, and collaboration). The measurement instruments of the study were post administered to the study group. Findings of the study revealed that the blended project-based learning program proved to be effective in developing the 4Cs skills for the study group.

Critical and creative thinking skills at SMA Pangudi Luhur (PL) Don Bosko are still classified as moderate critical thinking and less creative thinking, respectively. This illustrates that some students have not been able to interpret information scientifically and develop ideas to solve a problem. This study aims to analyze students' critical and creative thinking skills in understanding renewable energy material at SMA PL Don Bosko. These skills are important to face global challenges related to sustainable energy utilization. The research method used is descriptive with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were obtained through tests and questionnaires involving 20 students as respondents. The results of the analysis show that most students have critical thinking skills in the moderate category with an average achievement percentage of 62.94%, with the most dominant aspect of Elementary Clarification. However, students' creative thinking skills are still classified as lacking with an average achievement of 63.8%, with dominant results in the fluency aspect. Factors such as learning approaches, active student involvement, and learning resource support influence the development of these skills. This study suggests integrating a project-based learning model to improve students' critical and creative thinking skills on renewable energy materials.

This research is a meta-analysis to see the influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in learning science and physics on students' critical and creative thinking skills. The method used is meta-analysis with a population and research sample, namely scientific articles that have been published through Google Scholar on a national to international scale in 2016–2023, that discuss the application and influence of the PjBL model in learning science and physics on students’ critical and creative thinking skills. Overall, the results of the research show that the application of the PjBL model in learning science and physics has an influence in the high category, both on students' critical and creative thinking skills. In the school-level category, the implementation of the PjBL model had the highest effect on students' critical thinking skills at university levels. Whereas in terms of creative thinking skills, the implementation of PjBL has the highest influence at the elementary school levels. In the subject category, the application of the PjBL model has a high effect on both critical thinking skills and creative thinking when applied to science and physics subjects.