Abstract
Stem cells therapy is the one of exciting potential for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment because of the superiority for reducing progression of dopamine (DA) neurons degeneration in substantia nigra of middle brain, which causes the motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms of PD. The development of stem cells therapy for PD is quite slow because it has problems related to patient selection, safety, and ethical problems. So far, there have been no stem cell research for PD publications until phase IV according to FDA clinical trials. Current researches have only reached phase I-III, which some studies are still in the research process and not yet published. At present, stem cell researchers are still looking for the best method for transplanting stem cells in PD patients. Optimization of stem cell therapy for PD can be done by: (1) choosing the right donor stem cells, (2) inducing and selecting DA neurons appropriately, (3) conducting valid preclinical research, (4) optimizing the host brain environment. Further studies are needed to answer some crucial questions about the different issues in stem cell therapy. Accordingly, stem cell based therapy for PD also needed more complementary evaluation in both basic and clinical study areas.
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