Abstract
The stem cell field in veterinary medicine continues to evolve rapidly both experimentally and clinically. Stem cells are most commonly used in clinical veterinary medicine in therapeutic applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses and dogs. New technologies of assisted reproduction are being developed to apply the properties of spermatogonial stem cells to preserve endangered animal species. The same methods can be used to generate transgenic animals for production of pharmaceuticals or for use as biomedical models. Small and large animal species serve as valuable models for preclinical evaluation of stem cell applications in human beings and in veterinary patients in areas such as spinal cord injury and myocardial infarction. However, these applications have not been implemented in the clinical treatment of veterinary patients. Reviews on the use of animal models for stem cell research have been published recently. Therefore, in this review, animal model research will be reviewed only in the context of supporting the current clinical application of stem cells in veterinary medicine.
Highlights
The stem cell field in veterinary medicine continues to evolve rapidly both experimentally and clinically
The first mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based method relies on a culture-expanded cell population derived from bone marrow aspirate, the second is another bone marrow aspirate-based approach using a concentrated mixed cell population derived from bone marrow aspiration, and the third method employs a mixed nucleated cell population derived from adipose tissue
We focus here on SSCs, which are used in the techniques of testis xenografting and spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT)
Summary
The stem cell field in veterinary medicine continues to evolve rapidly both experimentally and clinically. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a very small fraction of the total population of nucleated cells from bone marrow from humans [4] and cats [5] and are presumed to be similar in other species, including the horse. Stem cell products in clinical use In veterinary patients, three MSC-based approaches are currently used for the treatment of tendon, ligament, or cartilage/joint injuries in horses or dogs.
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