Abstract
The ovary undergoes several changes after the menopause. The main characteristics of the postmenopausal ovary are a loss of follicles and several changes as a consequence of apoptotic processes. Signs of atrophy and fibrosis are evident. Primordial follicles are usually absent in postmenopause, whereas corpora atretica, hemorrhagica and albicantia, scar tissue, and simple follicular cysts are common.
Highlights
During the adult, reproductive period of life, Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) is mainly involved in the physiological process of ovulation
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryonic ovaries are of extraovarian origin, but those developing during the fetal period are derived from the OSE
PGCs in the fetal ovary express most, but not all of the markers associated with pluripotent cells [1] and can develop into pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and embryonic carcinoma cells (ECCs)
Summary
The ovary undergoes several changes after the menopause. The main characteristics of the postmenopausal ovary are a loss of follicles and several changes as a consequence of apoptotic processes. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryonic ovaries are of extraovarian origin, but those developing during the fetal period are derived from the OSE. PGCs in the fetal ovary express most, but not all of the markers associated with pluripotent cells [1] and can develop into pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and embryonic carcinoma cells (ECCs). Reproductive period of life, OSE is mainly involved in the physiological process of ovulation. Ovulation induces cyclic rupture and regenerative repair of the ovarian coelomic epithelium This process of repeated disruption and repair accompanied by the complex remodeling reflects a somatic stem/progenitor cell-mediated process in the mammalian ovaries; a label-retaining cell population in the coelomic epithelium of the adult mouse ovary has already been identified as possible somatic stem/progenitor cells [3]
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