Abstract
Lipomas are benign adipose tissue tumors of unknown etiology, which can vary in size, number, body localization and cell populations within the tissue. Lipoma-derived stem cells (LDSCs) are proposed as a potential tool in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to their similar characteristics with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) reported so far. Our study is among the first giving detailed insights into the molecular signature and differences in the differentiation capacity of LDSCs in vitro compared to ADSCs. Mesenchymal stem cell phenotype was analyzed by gene expression and flow cytometric analysis of stem cell markers. Adipogenesis and osteogenesis were analyzed by microscopic analysis, cytochemical and immunocytochemical staining, gene and protein expression analyses. We showed that both LDSCs and ADSCs were mesenchymal stem cells with similar phenotype and stemness state but different molecular basis for potential differentiation. Adipogenesis-related genes expression pattern and presence of more mature adipocytes in ADSCs than in LDSCs after 21 days of adipogenic differentiation, indicated that differentiation capacity of LDSCs was significantly lower compared to ADSCs. Analysis of osteogenesis-related markers after 16 days of osteogenic differentiation revealed that both types of cells had characteristic osteoblast-like phenotype, but were at different stages of osteogenesis. Differences observed between LDSCs and ADSCs are probably due to the distinct molecular signature and their commitment in the tissue that governs their different capacity and fate during adipogenic and osteogenic induction in vitro despite their similar mesenchymal phenotype.
Highlights
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originated from adipose tissue that show a great morphological and functional similarity with MSCs from bone marrow but with additional advantages [1]
Real time PCR analysis of CD44 and POU5F1 stem cell markers’ expression (Figure 2e,f) confirmed that both lipoma-derived stem cells (LDSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) express these genes at passage 2
Our study is among the first that provides detailed analysis of stem cells isolated from lipoma and comparison with the stem cells isolated from normal adipose tissue, on cellular and molecular levels
Summary
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originated from adipose tissue that show a great morphological and functional similarity with MSCs from bone marrow but with additional advantages [1]. The use of ADSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is very promising due to their self-renewal potential, proliferation capacity and great potential to differentiate into numerous cell types adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and endothelial cells [4,5,6,7]. The occurrence of lipomas in all body parts has been reported, mostly in subcutaneous depots and in other tissues, organs and body cavities Both male and female can be affected and all ages they usually appear in the middle age [9,12]. It has been shown that LDSCs can proliferate in a similar manner as ADSCs, express characteristic mesenchymal stem cell markers and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes like ADSCs [13,15,16]
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